Volition is a huge part of deciding how we want to punish someone and even whether a specific act was criminal at all. If you did something bad of your own free will, the law probably wants to have a word with you. If you were forced into doing something bad against your will, you very well might not be punished at all, and instead the person who forced you to commit the act might be culpable because it was their volition that caused the law to be broken.
I come to a fork in the road, I can choose to go left or right.
A computer comes to a fork in the road, x == 5 so it goes left, it does not have free will and cannot choose to go right, it always goes left if x == 5.
We can argue "but what about determinism" all day but I'm pretty sure you understand what we mean by "free will" and are just being pedantic.
I'm sorry if you think I'm being pedantic, but I truly don't understand the concept. The more I think and talk about it, the less I understand what it's supposed to mean.
As far as I can tell, there are three possibilities:
1. The entity has no internal state. Any stimulus always produces the same response.
2. The entity is deterministic and has internal state. The same stimulus does not necessarily produce the same response. The same stimulus combined with the same internal state will always produce the same response.
3. The entity has some random factor in how it works. The same stimulus does not necessarily produce the same response, even with the same internal state.
Which one is "free will"? It's definitely not 1. It doesn't seem to be 2, from how people talk about it. But neither does it seem to be 3, as it's discussed as something more than just randomness. But what else could there be?
You can think of free will as a control system. Like a PID controller.
A person performs an action, measures how the environment is changed, and modifies their behaviour to get better outcomes (for themselves or other people they care about).
Humans are a bit more sophisticated than a PID controller. While most animals, machines and nature itself are limited to blindly performing actions and measuring the result, people (and crows) can ponder what will happen IF they do something. Several steps ahead. They do not need to perform an action to anticipate the consequence.
When we say the law assumes free will, we mean that the law assumes a good control system. "If you do this we'll put you in a concrete box". The law assumes that threat will work.
This, as it turns out, is a flawed assumption. Many people do not think through their actions (stupid criminals), or they think through their actions and judge them worth the risk (e.g. weed smokers), or they have no other choice of action (e.g. prostitutes).
That appears to be discussing the problem of free will, while assuming that you already know what the problem is, and more importantly what "free will" means. My problem is that I don't know what the very concept of "free will" is, completely separate from questions of whether humans actually have it or how.
No, the concept of what free will is is actually exactly what the series of linked posts is meant to address. Read the first, http://lesswrong.com/lw/no/how_an_algorithm_feels_from_insid..., in particular. "Free will" is a term with the same properties as "sound."
If I understand that analogy then it's basically saying that "free will" is an excessively vague term that evaporates entirely when you describe what you're thinking of more specifically. Which is basically what I'm saying: I don't think it's a coherent concept by itself, and I don't know what people mean when the use the phrase.
