From the first sentence of the article proper: "A study published in July 2025".

No need to ask - the whole point is open access. https://info.arxiv.org/help/bulk_data.html

It's been available all along: https://info.arxiv.org/help/bulk_data.html

From the README at https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth: "Unsloth uses a dual-licensing model of Apache 2.0 and AGPL-3.0. The core Unsloth package remains licensed under Apache 2.0, while certain optional components, such as the Unsloth Studio UI are licensed under AGPL-3.0."

Good to know. AGPL is fine at my workplace too, whereas the custom LMStudio license has been in review since mid January with no ETA in sight.

What do you mean by custom LMStudio license? Your employer requires reviews of proprietary EULAs or do you try to get a custom licensing deal from LMStudio?

Employer must review all EULA terms, yes. The license is a hand crafted proprietary license not a standard OS license.

They are all JIT on different architectures, measured relative to CPython. https://doesjitgobrrr.com/about: blueberry is aarch64 Raspberry Pi, ripley is x86_64 Intel, jones is aarch64 M3 Pro, prometheus is x86_64 AMD.

Thanks

Yes, the graphs are incomprehensible because those are not defined in the article. They turn out to be different physical machines with different architectures: https://doesjitgobrrr.com/about

  blueberry (aarch64)
  Description: Raspberry Pi 5, 8GB RAM, 256GB SSD
  OS: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
  Owner: Savannah Ostrowski

  ripley (x86_64)
  Description: Intel i5-8400 @ 2.80GHz, 8GB RAM, 500GB SSD
  OS: Ubuntu 24.04
  Owner: Savannah Ostrowski

  jones (aarch64)
  Description: Apple M3 Pro, 18GB RAM, 512GB SSD
  OS: macOS
  Owner: Savannah Ostrowski

  prometheus (x86_64)
  Description: AMD Ryzen 5 3600X @ 3.80GHz, 16GB RAM
  OS: Windows 11 Pro
  Owner: Savannah Ostrowski

PyPy's devs disagree: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47293415

From near the start of the article: "In 2014, the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa-2 blasted off on a 300-million-kilometer (185-million-mile) mission to land on Ryugu, a 900-meter-wide (2,950-feet-wide) asteroid. It successfully managed to collect two samples of rocks weighing 5.4 grams (under a fifth of an ounce) each and bring them back to Earth in 2020."

Source available? The license is still proprietary, right?

Yes, it is all proprietary, but there are still ways to inspect most of the WL-implemented functions since the system does not go to extreme pains to keep them hidden from introspection. It is not unlike Maple in that sense.

Yeah, hiding the recipes for how the math is really done would make the whole system kinda guess-and-hope for serious users.

This is not true with common applications people are familiar with. Excel and Word will happily "save" a PDF, and it behaves like exporting and doesn't change the document being edited.

Word and Excel seems to change behavior on every release. I don't think it's something Gimp should try to chase. Gimp has save: "Save native gimp file" and export "Export an image file". It's a bit confusing to me why people find this confusing.