No Spanish fascism winning; thus, the Spanish left siding with the Republican France. Nazis gets lots of less support and they get crushed fast, many years earlier 1945. As for Spain itself, it wouldn't suffer a war, postwar and a National-Catholic ruralist shithole regime. No 15-20 years of backwardness compared to France/Europe until 1986 (Spain joining the pre-EU, and the postwar 1940-1950 Spain almost was on par on Europe at 1910-1920... if any, modulo the boost in the 60's because of Tourism), making itself a role model in South America. No polarized left and right in that continent, so they achieve European level standards of living. People merges Iberian humanism with the German engineering.

People like Torres Quevedo happen to exist everywhere because there are no anti-scientific people messing the education to the levels of something coming from the 18th century and before. I am no kidding. Pure creationism with Franco. By law. If you said something against religion, you were either fined, jailed or beaten up.