Edit: Chernobyl: The History of a Nuclear Catastrophe by Serhii Plokhy also makes a claim that the accident let to political instability in the Ukraine which certainly didn't help with the integrity of the SU.
Of course I'm sceptical - but given other accounts of the times that I have read I haven't seen anything in his account that seems fundamentally wrong.
My perception of it is that the collapse had already started and was probably inevitable, but the Chernobyl disaster accelerated it and was a metaphorical nail in the coffin, further reducing any chance there might have been at recovery.