for my 2016 Mazda, the keys do not need a battery to operate.
you instead need to hold the fob up to the start button and it will work passively, rather than just being in the car normally. Glad they still give manuals with cars as I had to learn that without service.
There are three systems to the key, the doors and remote start, the “passive entry” which requires the battery, and the backup RFID you’re talking about.
I think the main factor for this is how "mature" your starter is.
After feeding your starter it will expand, then collapse, then grow more sour.
I generally time it so that my bread isn't as sour.
If I am baking soon -- larger leftover starter and smaller feed.
if I am baking tomorrow -- tablespoon or so of starter with bigger feed to get my leaven.
As I understand it it's mostly the balance between lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria. There are different ways you can encourage the balance to shift one way or the other and they have different growth patterns under different conditions so timing your bake around it can work but may have other compromises. The yeasts are important too and are on yet another schedule.
Phase Margin (How far away you are from 180 Phase Shift) is a critical parameter used whenever designing any kind of feedback loop and testing for stability.
This is very to measure at the 0dB gain he pointed out, but lacked the phase diagram to show this shift.
I agree the overall math is easier in the frequency domain, especially because you don’t know which frequencies are problematic so best to look at all of them, but I think the concept is best explained at first, in the time domain.
Here’s my attempt in a couple of sentences.
It takes time for the signal to propagate from input to output in any real circuit. If that time is a substantial fraction of the period under consideration then the input of the amplifier, which includes the feedback signal, cannot effect the output before it has moved. And if the delay through the amplifier is just wrong relative to the signal period one can end up in a dog chasing its own tail situation and the output oscillates.
The rest is just math. :)
P.S. this explanation also explains why we use phase and not seconds to measure the delay of the circuit. Because everything is relative to the input signal period and if we use phase we get that for free. No extra divide.
I'm not entirely sure what you mean by floating point for an ADC.
from a super high level all ADCS do is quantize an analog signal. They take in a voltage from say 0 - 1.8V and quantize that on a 12 bit range. Return a value from 0-4095.
You could build one that scales this range with non-linear steps. But this doesn't add any value. We won't get more accuracy at smaller steps. Our noise and accuracy problems won't be solved by this as they are due to thermal noise or mismatch. quantization noise is not the problem.
(We already build segmented ADCs to try and do this)
That was in reference overall ADC stage in abstract, not component. As you note quantisation still maps to integers over some range of the input signal.
It's not my area so would love to correction from someone who is deep in the space. My current perception is the 32 bit float hype in the audio capture world is the marketing reality distortion field in effect. Having that representation expand further upstream than the DSP or DAW makes sense, but it's not magic. Even in 32 bit float there's only 24 bits of precision (assuming IEEE 754).
What is interesting, useful, and lost in that noise is devices have refined the multi-ADC design to enable full usage of that precision matched to the overall dynamic range of the analogue front-end. Previously the ADC would be the bottleneck, but that's now shifted to the upstream circuitry or transducer.
Remote work is nice, but the biggest advantage I've have at a small company is picking my own hours. I work with teams across the world, So I can take a 2 hours break after lunch to go biking, and then come back. I want freedom in daylight hours to do things.
Issue with a lot of these and switching regulators is off chip inductors, which take up space. In small form factors, SOCs etc, you need to use charge pumps and LDOs for internal analog/mixed signal voltages.
The other place where I see a lot more linear regulators is inside ICs!
Working in Mixed Signal ICs and IP I see a lot of linear regulators.
Inductors are huge and (generally) off chip. If say your SOC has an AMS components, and PINs are a commodity, then you can't use anything but a Charge Pump and LDOs.
Some people can do both, but choose the second (using a library) because of all the reasons reusing existing libraries instead of rolling your own. From this point of view, I'd rather hire someone who doesn't suffer from the "not invented here" syndrome.
you instead need to hold the fob up to the start button and it will work passively, rather than just being in the car normally. Glad they still give manuals with cars as I had to learn that without service.