Yes, but like Windows for Workgroups before them, they didn't need to rely on DOS services once they had started. They were 32-bit multitasking OSes that could host multiple DOS VMs and (in the case of WfW) a 16-bit cooperatively multitasked GUI.
DOS basically acted as a bootloader. But all of those OSes had the very weird feature that they could switch back into a virtualised copy of their bootloader.
I do feel that Wikipedia understates the importance of Windows for Workgroups. Internally, it wasn't just Windows 3.1 with networking. It was a trial run for the fundamentals of the Windows 95 architecture.
In other words, they were bare-metal hypervisors which passed through the majority of the hardware, doing a minimum of virtualisation to allow sharing it between VMs. This is easy to see by comparing the responsiveness of a DOS box running something like EDIT in Win9x vs. NT/2K/XP's NTVDM; the latter is a full emulator of basically all the hardware except the CPU.
The unresponsive NTDVM was mainly due to its piss-poor text mode emulation. Win9x still virtualized the graphics card (so you couldn't use SVGA games in Win9x) but its emulation was implemented better.
Win95's ability to host multiple VMs was marginally better than Windows/386. It was a step in the right direction with the new driver architecture and elimination of TSRs (TSR-to-95 porting was one of my roles bitd). Just a baby step though, you could be just as rude in a '95 driver as a DOS TSR.
> They were 32-bit multitasking OSes that could host multiple DOS VMs
In theory, yes. Yet some games could not run in those "DOS VMs" because not enough real memory was available, which means that they weren't real VMs. The real "DOS VMs" appeared in Windows 2000.
This is exactly why I come to HN, vs Wikishemedia... People here WERE THERE!
When I worked at C_ we used to load Some solitaire game (Freecell) to verify that Windows98SE was in 32-bit mode before installing the network stack, and Chief Legal Officer, and from what I understand CLO was $4,000 a seat.
Load Driver, Reboot, Solitare, CLO. and then onward to disk optimizing, and then virus scanning... Two people did 89 machines, in 4 days. an entire floor... Food was delivered, and we slept for 4 hours, in the floor below, and on Friday, The head of Legal called us into his office... we showed him the checklist, as complete, and He laughed... the whole department was both amazed and happy.
He really called us to change his desktop into a scene from JAWS.
It was Windows 98SE that got a 32-bit disk driver upgrade, and FreeCell verified that it was installed.
"We are asking our stockholders to approve an amendment to our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended by the Certificate of Amendment dated June 2, 2022 (the “Existing Charter”), to increase the number of authorized shares of our common stock to 2,500,000,000, and correspondingly increase the number of authorized shares of all classes of our stock to 2,505,000,000 for the reasons discussed below. Our Existing Charter currently authorizes the issuance of 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock."
Cocaine (or whatever their CEO is on) doesn't buy itself.
Edit: Also, the fact that company leadership can get away with this kind of thing, fleecing retail investors for millions/billions of dollars, and face no consequences is...I dunno. I guess it's just normal now. Lawlessness, bribery, favors to the right politicians, lying without hesitation or remorse. People in media clutching their pearls over whatever the Gen Z kids are getting up to on TikTok while this shit is going on is just the icing on the cake.
I thought their stockholders were super into direct registration to trigger the "mother of all short squeezes" when (or so the conspiracy went anyway) all the evil hedge funds would have to buy back their alleged naked shorts for infinite money. That doesn't really play well with Gamestop putting 1.5 billion extra shares on the market, which is basically exactly the reverse of a short squeeze and would surely push down prices.
Or was this a 2022 thing and Gamestop investors have moved on from diamond handing?
They're in an entirely alternate reality where those evil hedge funds did not fleece them for all they're worth. They got had, by GME insiders and by institutional investors. And, lots of people warned them, but they had belief and diamond hands.
I hate that this shit goes unpunished. Though, I guess the apes got mad as hell at anyone that tried to talk them down, or did anything to slow the bleeding.
The apes did get punished though? And the hedge funds correctly took advantage of irrational behavior by other actors in the market. This is how price-finding in the markets is supposed to work, I can barely call that "evil".
No, I mean the GME insiders who made a bunch of money off the apes, pretending to be on their side. They may be gullible and ignorant about the market (and very annoying online), but it's shady as hell that GME leadership hasn't been forthright about the state of things.
I get the microservice to ensure this. But 3 people dedicated to it? I guarantee you they spent their days trudging dungeons, playing CoD and ping pong.
The author does not have to assert those additional terms to have trademark protection, because the law provides for that by default, and the GPL v3 does not have a trademark grant clause.
GPL v3 e7 means that, if for whatever reason, you do explicitly disclaim trademark grants, it does not violate or invalidate the copyright license.
Actual Scientists are calling it Type-3. But these are the same scientists that are actually reversing Type 2 diabetes without expensive drugs. Of course they exist outside the pharma narrative, and they don't have any uncurious attack dogs willing to defend their narrative-busting results.
